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Home > Batch > Operating System > Other





Tail



 

Description
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.

 

Author/Submitter
Marty Lindsay

 

Reference
Gnu.org

 

Batch Code

Usage: tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

      --retry              keep trying to open a file even if it is
                             inaccessible when tail starts or if it becomes
                             inaccessible later -- useful only with -f
  -c, --bytes=N            output the last N bytes
  -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}] output appended data as the file grows;
                             -f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
                             equivalent
  -n, --lines=N            output the last N lines, instead of the last 10
      --max-unchanged-stats=N see the texinfo documentation
                             (the default is 5)
      --max-consecutive-size-changes=N see the texinfo documentation
                             (the default is 200)
      --pid=PID            with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
  -q, --quiet, --silent    never output headers giving file names
  -s, --sleep-interval=S   with -f, sleep S seconds between iterations
  -v, --verbose            always output headers giving file names
      --help               display this help and exit
      --version            output version information and exit

If the first character of N (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+',
print beginning with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
print the last N items in the file.  N may have a multiplier suffix:
b for 512, k for 1024, m for 1048576 (1 Meg).  A first OPTION of -VALUE
or +VALUE is treated like -n VALUE or -n +VALUE unless VALUE has one of
the [bkm] suffix multipliers, in which case it is treated like -c VALUE
or -c +VALUE.

With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end.  This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.  That causes tail to track the
named file by reopening it periodically to see if it has been removed and
recreated by some other program.
	






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